As per the MORTH technical specification, following Test Frequency and Acceptance Criteria of Road Construction Materials are adapted for Flexible Pavements.
Road Construction materials – Tests on soil:
Following test frequency and acceptance criteria of road construction materials are selected for embankment and subgrade construction.
| S.NO. | Type of Test | Frequency | Location | Acceptance Criteria |
| 1.1 |
Borrow Material for Embankment and Subgrade: |
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| (i) | Sand Content (IS: 2720 Part 4) | Two tests per 3000 cu.m of soil. | Grid the borrow area at 25 m c/c | |
| (ii) | Plasticity Test (IS: 2720 Part 5) e.g. LL, PL & PI | Two tests per 3000 cu.m of soil. | Grid the borrow area at 25 m c/c | LL<70%
PI<45% |
| (iii) | Density Test (IS:2720 Part 8) | Two tests per 3000 cu.m of soil | Grid the borrow area at 25 m c/c | Max laboratory dry Unit weight
Embankments up to 3m height, not subjected to extensive flooding: Not less than 15.2 KN/cu.m. Embankments exceeding 3 m height or any height subject to long periods of inundation: Not less than16.0 KN/cu.m. Sub-grade/earthen shoulder/ verge/backfill : Not less than 17.5 KN/cu.m. |
| (iv) | Deleterious content Test (IS:2720 Part 27); | As and when required by the Engineer. | Grid the borrow area at 25 m c/c | |
| (v) | Moisture content Test (IS: 2720 Part 2) | One test for every 250 cum of soil. | In situ | -2% to+1% of OMC |
| (vi) | CBR test on the material to be compacted in the sub-grade on soaked samples (IS:2720 Part 16) | One CBR test for every 3000 cum or closer as and when required by the Engineer. | Grid the borrow area at 25 m c/c | Not less than the designed CBR value 8% and 10 % at 97% of MDD (4 days soaked value) |
| 1.2 | Compaction control (IS:2720 Part 28) on each layer
(MORTH Spec. 903.2.2 |
One Density test for each 1000 sq.m of compacted area for the body of the embankment, to be increased to one test per 500 sq.m of compacted area for sub-grade i.e. top 500 mm portion of embankment [1.65- {1.65/(no of the sample)^0.5}] times the standard deviation | In situ | Relative compaction as % of max. laboratory dry density
Embankment not less than 95% Sub-grade/earthen shoulder not less than 97% |
| 1.3 | Surface Levels
(MORTH Spec. 902.3) |
Every 10 m interval | In situ | Sub-Grade
+ 20mm to (-) 25mm |
2.0
GSB and WMM Road Construction Materials:
Granular Sub Base(GSB) is road construction materials. It is known as subbase, which is the layer of aggregate material placed on the subgrade, on which the WMM layer as a base course is found.
| S.NO. | Type of Test | Frequency | Location | Acceptance Criteria |
| 2.1 |
GSB Material: |
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| (i) | Gradation (IS: 2720 Part 4 as per job mix formula | One test per 200 cu.m | Stock Yard/In situ | As per Table 400- 1 of MORTH Specs for R & B Works. |
| (ii) | Atterberg Limit (IS:2720 Part 5) | One test per 200 cu.m | Stock Yard/In situ | LL & P.I. not more than 25 and 6% respectively. |
| (iii) | Moisture content prior to compaction (IS:2720 Part 28) | One test per 250 sq.m. | In situ | OMC –2% to OMC + 1% |
| (iv) | The density of the compacted layer (IS:2720 Part 28) | One test per 500 sq.m | In situ | Mean density not less than the specified density + [1.65- {1.65/(no of the sample)^0.5}] times the standard deviation |
| (v) | Deleterious (IS:2720 Part 27) | As required | Stock Yard/In situ |
– |
| (vi) | C.B.R. (IS:2720 Part 16) | As required | Stock Yard/ In situ | Not less than 30% |
| (vii) | Water absorption (IS: 2386 Part III) | As required | Stock Yard/In situ | 2% maximum.
If this value is more than 2%, the soundness test to be carried out. |
| (viii) | Soundness (IS:2386 Part 5) | As required | Stock Yard/ In situ | 12% maximum with Na2 So4,
18% with Magnesium Sulphate |
| (ix) | 10% Fines Value of Coarse aggregate BS 812 (Part-111) | As required | Stock Yard/In situ | 50 KN or more in soaked condition |
| (xi) | Surface Level MORTH, Spec. 902.3 | Every 10 m interval | In situ | + 10mm to –20 mm |
| 2.2 |
WMM Material: |
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| (i) | Aggregate Impact Value (IS:2386 Part 4) | One test per 200 cum of aggregate | In situ | Max. 30%. |
| (ii) | Grading (IS: 2720 Part 4) | One test per 100 cum of aggregate | In situ | As per Table 400-11 of MOSRT&H Specs |
| (iii) | Flakiness and Elongation Index (IS:2386 Part 1) | One test per 200 cum of aggregate | In situ | Max. 30% |
| (iv) | Atterberg limits of the portion of aggregate passing 425-micron sieve (IS:2720 Part 5) | One test per 100 cum of aggregate | In situ | Not Exceeding (PI) 6% |
| (v) | The density of the compacted layer (IS:2720 Part 8) | One test per 500 sqm. |
– |
At least 98% of the max. dry density. |
| (vi) | Abrasion value
(IS:2386 Part 4) |
As required | In situ | Max. 40% |
| (vii) | Fractured Faces | As required | In situ | 90% of material > 4.75 mm size shall have at least 2 fractured faces. |
| (viii) | Water absorption | As required | In situ | Max. 2%.
Soundness test to be conducted in case water absorption is more than 2%. |
| (ix) | Surface Level (MORTH Spec. 902.3) | Every 10 m interval | In situ | + 10mm |
Also, Read: Concrete Subbase Course – DLC Construction
3.0
Road Construction – Tests on Bitumen Materials:
Bitumen is a black, sticky, viscous liquid or semi-solid material derived from crude oil. It is generally found in natural organic deposits or may be a refined petroleum product. Bitumen is the essential road construction materials for flexible pavement.
| S.
NO. |
Type of Construction | Test | Location | Acceptance Criteria |
| 3.1 |
Prime Coat and Tack Coat: |
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| (i) | Quality of binder (IS:73,217 & 8887) | Number of samples per lot and tests as per IS:73, IS:217 and IS:8887 as applicable | HM Plant | Bitumen Emulsion complying with IS:8887 of a type and grade as specified in the contract or as directed by Engineer. |
| (ii) | Temp. of the binder for application | At the regular close interval |
Insitu |
– |
| (iii) | Rate of spread of binder | Not less than 2 tests per day; One test per 500 sq.m. | Insitu | 6-9 kg/10 sq.m of liquid bituminous material for a prime coat over the surface of low porosity.
2.5-3.0 Kg/10 sq.m. of liquid bituminous material for tack coat. |
| (iv) | Quality of Application | As required | Insitu | No pools
No dry spots Evenly applied |
| 3.2 |
Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM) and Bituminous Concrete (BC): |
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| (i) | Quality of binder (IS:73,217 & 8887) | Number of samples per lot and tests as per IS: 73, IS:217 and IS: 8887 as applicable | HM Plant | Bitumen Emulsion complying with IS:73 of a type and grade as specified in the contract or as directed by Engineer |
| (ii) | Aggregate Impact Value / Los Angles Abrasion Value (IS:2386 Part 4) | One test per 50 cum. of aggregate | HM Plant | Aggregate Impact Value
DBM 27% max. BC 24% max Los Angeles Abrasion Value DBM 35% max BC 30% max |
| (iii) | Flakiness Index & Elongation Index (IS:2386 Part 1) | One test per 50 cum. of aggregate | HM Plant/stockyard | Max. 30% |
| (iv) | Stripping value (IS:6241) | Initially one test of 3 representative specimens for each source of supply. Subsequently when warranted by changes in the quality of aggregates. | HM Plant/stockyard | Minimum retained coating of Bitumen Aggregate Mixtures 95% |
| (v) | Water absorption of aggregate (IS:2386 Part 3) | Initially one test of 3 representative specimens for each source of supply. Subsequently when warranted by changes in the quality of aggregates. | HM Plant | Max. 2% for DBM
Max. 1% for BC |
| (vi) | Soundness (Magnesium and sodium sulphate) (IS:2386 Part 5) | Initially, one determination by each method for each source of supply, then as warranted by a change in the quality of the aggregates. | HM Plant/stockyard | SodiumSulphate
12% max. Magnesium Sulphate 18% max. |
| (vii) | Sand equivalent test for fine aggregate
(IS:2720 Part 37) |
As required | HM Plant | Not less than 50 |
| (viii) | Plasticity Index (IS:2720 Part 5) | As required | HM Plant | Not more than 4% for fraction passing 0.425mm sieve |
| (ix) | Stone Polish Test (BS 812 Part – 114) | As required, for Bituminous Concrete. | HM Plant | 55 minimum (for BC) |
| (x) | Percentage of fractured faces (IS:2386 part-I) | When gravel is used, one test per 50 cum of aggregate. | HM Plant | When crushed gravel is proposed for use, not less than 90% by weight of the crushed material retained on the 4.75mm sieve shall have at least two fractured faces |
| (xi) | Mix grading | One set of tests on individual constituents and mixed aggregate from the drier for every 400 tonnes of mix subject to a minimum of two tests per plant per day. | HM Plant | The combined grading for the particular mixture shall be within the limits given in Table 500.10 of MORTH, Specs. for R & B. Works when tested in accordance with IS:2386 Part I for DBM & Table 500 – 18 for BC. |
| (xii) | Stability of mix | For every 400 tonnes of mix produced, a set of 3 Marshall specimens to be prepared and tested for stability, flow value, density and void content subject to a minimum of two sets being tested per plant per day. | HM Plant | As per Table 500.11 for DBM and Table 500.19 for BC of MORTH Specs for R & B Works. |
| (xiii) | Water sensitivity of mix (Retained tensile strength) – AASHTO T 283 | Initially one test of 3 representative specimens for each source of supply. Subsequently when warranted by changes in the quality of aggregates (if required) | HM Plant | 80% min DBM & BC |
| (xiv) | Swell test on the mix | As required for the Bituminous Concrete | HM Plant | Refer Section 6.18 of MS2. Applicable only to Hveem Method of Mix Design |
| (xv) | Control of the temperature of binder in the boiler, aggregate in the dryer and mix at the time of laying and rolling.
MORTH Spec. Clause 501.3 and Table 500-5 |
At a regular close interval | HM Plant | Bitumen mixing temp 150-165°C
Aggregate mixing temp 150-170°C Mixed Material 165°C max. Laying: 125oC min. temp. on Rolling 90°C min. |
| (xvi) | Control of binder content and grading of the mix. | One test for every 400 tonnes of mix subject to a minimum of two tests per day per plant. | As shown in Table 500-10 for DBM and Table 500-18 for BC of MORTH, Specs for R&B Works. | |
| (xvii) | Rate of spread of mixed material | Regular control through checks on the weight of mixed material and layer thickness | Hot-mix pant of adequate capacity and capable of yielding a mix of proper and uniform quality with thoroughly coated aggregates. | |
| (xviii) | The density of the compacted layer | One test per 700 sq.m area [1.65- {1.65/(no of the sample)^0.5}] times the standard deviation | In situ | 92% of the theoretical maximum specific gravity of the loose mix (Gmm) |
| (xix) | Coating and stripping of bitumen aggregate mixtures IS:6241. | As required | HM Plant | Min 95% coating retained. |
| (xx) | Surface levels
(MORTH Spec. 902.3) |
As required | Insitu | + 6 mm |
| 3.3 |
Modified Binder: |
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| (i) | Softening point (IS:1205) | Initially on submission, thereafter daily if site blended, weekly if preblended. | HM Plant | As specified in Table 500-44, 500-45 and 500-46 of MOSRT&H Specs. |
| (ii) | Penetration at 25°C and 4°C
(IS: 1203 and IS: 1205 respectively) |
Initially on submission, thereafter daily if site blended, weekly if preblended. | HM Plant | As specified in Table 500-44, 500-45 and 500-46 of MOSRT&H Specs. |
| (iii) | Elastic Recovery (ASTM D 5976) | Initially on submission, thereafter daily if site blended, weekly if preblended. | HM Plant | As specified in Table 500-44, 500-45 and 500-46 of MOSRT&H Specs |
| (iv) | Ductility (IS:1208) | Initially on submission, thereafter daily if site blended, weekly if preblended. | HM Plant | As specified in Table 500-44, 500-45 and 500-46 of MOSRT&H Specs |
| (v) | Flashpoint (IS:1209) | Initially on submission, thereafter daily if site blended, weekly if preblended. | HM Plant | As specified in Table 500-44, 500-45 and 500-46 of MOSRT&H Specs |
| (vi) | Fraass Breaking Point (IS:9381) | Initially on submission | HM Plant | As specified in Table 500-44, 500-45 and 500-46 of MOSRT&H Specs of modifier used. |
| (vii) | Viscosity at 150°C (IS:1206) | Initially on submission, | HM Plant | As specified in Table 500-44, 500-45 and 500-46 of MOSRT&H Specs |
| (viii) | Thin-film oven test, penetration, softening point, elastic recovery of residue, loss on heating. (IS: 9382). | Initially on submission, | HM Plant | As specified in Table 500-44, 500-45 and 500-46 of MOSRT&H Specs |
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Article Name
Road Construction Materials - Test Frequency and Acceptance Criteria
Description
As per the MORTH technical specification, following Test Frequency and Acceptance Criteria of Road Construction Materials are adapted for Flexible Pavements.
Author
WhiteHelmet
Publisher Name
Construction Civil
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